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Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ANS Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges
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Diverse Autonomic Nervous System Stress Response Patterns in Childhood Sensory Modulation.

Jacquelyn S Christensen1, Heather Wild2, Erin S Kenzie3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Pitzer College, Claremont, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience
|March 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis play complex roles in sensory modulation. Understanding individual ANS variations is key to treating sensory modulation disorder (SMD).

Keywords:
allostatic loadautomatic processesautonomic nervous systemcomplex systemslarge-scale networkphysiological arousalsensory modulationstress response

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychophysiology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is increasingly recognized for its role in emotional and behavioral regulation, particularly automatic processes.
  • Sensory modulation literature highlights the integrated functions of the ANS and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
  • Previous assumptions about sympathetic and parasympathetic interactions are being revised due to new research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the ANS's role in sensory modulation.
  • To focus on the integrated functions and measurement of the ANS and HPA axis.
  • To advance understanding of stress, ANS/HPA axis patterns, and allostatic load (AL).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of research from the past decade.
  • Analysis of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system interactions.
  • Consideration of individual physiological response profiles and their influence on automatic behaviors.

Main Results:

  • ANS activation patterns are highly individual, affecting automatic behavioral responses.
  • Sympathetic and parasympathetic interactions are more intricate than previously understood.
  • Complex stress patterns within the ANS and HPA axis contribute to allostatic load (AL).

Conclusions:

  • Recognizing individual ANS response variations is crucial for treating children with sensory modulation disorder (SMD) and sensory differences.
  • Multiple physiological measurements are essential for capturing ANS variations.
  • Understanding the interplay between automatic processes, neural networks, arousal, and sensory responsivity is vital for sensorimotor development.