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Clinical yoga program utilization in a large health care system.

Timothy J Avery1, R Jay Schulz-Heik1, Marcelle Friedman1

  • 1War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, VA Palo Alto Heath Care System, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.

Psychological Services
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This study analyzed yoga referral patterns among 953 veterans in a Veterans Affairs (VA) program. Mental health referrals and older age were linked to higher yoga attendance, with telehealth showing similar rates to in-person sessions.

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Area of Science:

  • Integrative Medicine
  • Health Services Research
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides yoga for various conditions, but utilization data is scarce.
  • Understanding referral patterns and patient adoption is crucial for optimizing clinical yoga programs within the VA system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe referral patterns and patient adoption rates for a clinical yoga program, including telehealth, at the VA Palo Alto Health Care System (VAPAHCS).
  • To compare demographics of yoga program participants with the broader VAPAHCS population.
  • To identify factors associated with yoga attendance.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of electronic medical records for 953 veterans referred to outpatient clinical yoga between 2010 and 2016.
  • Extraction of referral, demographic, and attendance data, with demographic comparison to the overall VAPAHCS population.
  • Analysis of telehealth yoga follow-through and attendance rates compared to in-person yoga.

Main Results:

  • Half of all referrals originated from just 22 providers, primarily in primary care and mental health clinics.
  • Referred veterans were similar in age but more likely to be female than the general VAPAHCS population.
  • Older veterans and those referred for mental health reasons showed higher attendance rates; telehealth yoga had lower follow-through but similar attendance.
  • The typical attendee was a White male from the Vietnam War era, reflecting the VA demographic.

Conclusions:

  • Referrals to VA clinical yoga programs are concentrated among a small group of providers in mental health and primary care.
  • Older veterans and those with mental health conditions are more likely to engage with yoga programs.
  • Telehealth yoga offers a viable alternative, though initial follow-through may be lower than in-person options.