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Effective forewarning requires central route processing: Theoretical improvements on the counterargumentation
Yasuhiro Daiku1,2, Naoki Kugihara3, Tsukasa Teraguchi1
1Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
Plos One
|March 6, 2020
Summary
Forewarning against financial scams is ineffective if people process information emotionally. Remembering scam warnings is crucial for developing counterarguments and preventing victimization.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Behavioral Economics
- Cybersecurity
Background:
- Financial scams cause significant global damage.
- Current scam prevention methods in Japan, like warnings and awareness campaigns, are insufficient.
- Scammers exploit emotional appeals, leading to peripheral processing that hinders recall of warnings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To test if forewarning effectiveness against scams depends on information processing routes.
- To investigate the role of forewarning recollection in enabling counterarguments.
Main Methods:
- 162 participants were experimentally exposed to forewarnings and deceptive advertisements.
- Participants' processing routes (central vs. peripheral) and recall of warnings were assessed.
- The rating of advertisers' manipulative intent was measured.
Main Results:
- Forewarning only enhanced detection of manipulative intent when participants used central processing.
- Peripheral processing of advertisements negated the effect of forewarning.
- Forewarning recollection mediated the influence of processing route on manipulative intent ratings.
Conclusions:
- Effective scam prevention requires active, central information processing, not just passive awareness.
- Recalling forewarnings is essential for individuals to generate counterarguments against scam tactics.
- Findings offer insights into scam susceptibility and inform improved prevention strategies.
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