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Related Concept Videos

Concrete01:20

Concrete

658
Concrete is a vital construction material extensively used worldwide, primarily valued for its strength, durability, and versatility, which it provides for various structural designs. Concrete generally comprises ingredients like Portland cement, coarse gravel, fine sand, and water. Concrete can be mixed by simple hand methods or industrially at computer-controlled plants. The mixture consists of aggregates and a paste made from water and Portland cement. This paste coats the aggregates and,...
658
Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building01:26

Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building

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As the construction industry moves towards more eco-friendly practices, concrete's adaptability and its ability to incorporate sustainable features make it a key material in the drive towards greener building solutions.
There are multiple approaches to achieve sustainability in a commercial concrete building. For instance, construct a concrete parking area under the building, utilizing pervious concrete paver blocks in open areas to facilitate rainwater collection through an underground...
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Mass Concreting01:22

Mass Concreting

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Mass concreting refers to the process of placing large volumes of concrete, such as in gravity dams. The heat generated during the cement hydration process and differential cooling rates within the concrete mass can lead to a temperature gradient, which can result in thermal cracks in the concrete mass.
To reduce the risk of such cracking, the concrete mix may incorporate low-heat cement and pozzolans to reduce the temperature rise. Pre-cooled angular aggregates and water-reducing admixtures...
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Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability01:14

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

237
This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
237
Workability of Concrete01:25

Workability of Concrete

311
The workability of concrete is a crucial property that affects its handling, placing, and finishing during construction. It describes the ease with which concrete can be mixed, placed, compacted, and finished. Workability is primarily concerned with the concrete's movement and its ability to resist internal friction and external resistance from molds and reinforcements during the application process.
Concrete's workability is determined by its resistance to internal forces that arise...
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Fiber Reinforced Concrete01:22

Fiber Reinforced Concrete

276
Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...
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Lightweight Concrete-From Basics to Innovations.

Karl-Christian Thienel1, Timo Haller1, Nancy Beuntner1

  • 1Institute for Construction Materials, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85579 Neubiberg, Germany.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
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Summary

Lightweight concrete, with a long history, offers diverse applications but faces practical hesitations. This review details aggregate properties, types, standards, and production challenges for wider adoption.

Keywords:
ILCLACLCLWAinfra-lightweight concretelightweight aggregatelightweight aggregate concretelightweight concretemix designproduction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Construction Technology

Background:

  • Lightweight concrete has a 2000-year history with ongoing technical advancements.
  • Despite proven potential, practical hesitations persist regarding its use.
  • This review draws on 25 years of practical and theoretical experience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address uncertainties and hesitations in the practical application of lightweight concrete.
  • To provide a detailed discussion on lightweight aggregate properties, types of lightweight concrete, and current standards.
  • To highlight challenges in design, production, and execution rules for lightweight concrete.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review and analysis of historical data.
  • Detailed examination of lightweight aggregate properties and various concrete types.
  • Critical evaluation of existing European concrete standards and practical case records.

Main Results:

  • Identified common misunderstandings in nomenclature and testing of lightweight concrete.
  • Addressed frequent mix design and production problems and their consequences.
  • Provided a critical view on European standards concerning mechanical properties of structural lightweight concrete.

Conclusions:

  • Lightweight concrete requires adaptation of existing rules for design, production, and execution.
  • Infra-lightweight concrete represents an innovative development for expanding applications.
  • Further research and standardization are needed to overcome practical hesitations and promote wider use.