The Role of Antimicrobial Neutrophil Extract in Modification of the Inflammatory Response During Osteochondral...

Osteochondral autograft or allograft transplantation is one of the surgical options for the management of large cartilage defects; however, the mechanisms of cartilage healing after this procedure, especially the immunological mechanisms, are not fully understood. The present study examined whether a grafting procedure changed the in-vitro responses of neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Additionally, antimicrobial neutrophil extract (ANE) was assessed for its ability to modulate excessive cellular responses during and after implantation. The neutrophil secretory response was tested by measuring enzyme release and free radical generation, while the MDM response was evaluated by assessing morphological and functional changes of the cells after polarization. Osteochondral implantation evoked a transient secretory response by circulating neutrophils, but MDMs were not activated postoperatively. ANE from rabbit blood may be considered as a modulator of the inflammatory response because of its influence on neutrophils and MDMs. Inhibition of the neutrophil secretory response prevents complications that may arise following excessive activity of these cells. Stimulation of MDMs with ANE induces formation of a partial anti-inflammatory phenotype with enhanced regenerative properties.