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Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

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Second malignancies in multiple myeloma; emerging patterns and future directions.

Kylee Maclachlan1, Benjamin Diamond1, Francesco Maura1

  • 1Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Haematology
|March 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Advances in multiple myeloma treatments improve survival but increase the risk of second cancers. Understanding patient, disease, and therapy factors is crucial for managing this risk and developing personalized treatment strategies.

Keywords:
AutologousLenalidomideMelphalanMultiple myelomaNeoplasmsRisk factorsSecond primaryTransplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma treatment advancements have improved patient survival rates.
  • Increased survival has elevated the clinical significance of secondary malignancies.
  • Risk factors for second cancers in multiple myeloma patients are multifactorial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on risk factors for second malignancies in multiple myeloma.
  • To discuss the impact of specific therapies on secondary cancer development.
  • To explore future research directions for individualized, risk-adapted treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent data on multiple myeloma and secondary malignancies.
  • Analysis of patient-, disease-, and therapy-related risk factors.
  • Discussion of current and emerging treatment modalities and their risks.

Main Results:

  • Deep and long-lasting responses are more common in multiple myeloma.
  • High-dose melphalan with autologous stem cell transplant and lenalidomide maintenance therapy are associated with increased risk.
  • Individualized risk- and response-adapted strategies are emerging.

Conclusions:

  • Second malignancies are a significant concern in the evolving landscape of multiple myeloma care.
  • Understanding contributing factors is essential for mitigating risks.
  • Future research should focus on personalized treatment approaches to balance efficacy and safety.