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Related Concept Videos

Archival Research01:40

Archival Research

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Some researchers gain access to large amounts of data without interacting with a single research participant. Instead, they use existing records to answer various research questions. This type of research approach is known as archival research. Archival research relies on looking at past records or data sets to look for interesting patterns or relationships. For example, a researcher might access the academic records of all individuals who enrolled in college within the past ten years and...
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Sanger Sequencing01:57

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Genetic Screens02:46

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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
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Bias01:22

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Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
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The Fossil Record02:56

The Fossil Record

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The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
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A User-friendly and Powerful R Analysis of Large-scale Datasets
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Preprints: a Timely Counterbalance for Big Data-Driven Research.

Amol A Verma1,2,3, Allan S Detsky4,5

  • 1Division of General Internal Medicine, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Room 714-2, 2 Queen St. East, Toronto, Ontario, M5C 3G7, Canada. amol.verma@mail.utoronto.ca.

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Preprint platforms like medRxiv can improve clinical research by allowing early sharing of findings. This approach may reduce spurious results and publication bias associated with big data analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Research
  • Scientific Publishing
  • Data Science

Background:

  • Big data in clinical research offers discovery potential but risks distorting findings.
  • Numerous analyses of large datasets can lead to spurious results, threatening reproducibility and validity.
  • Current scientific culture incentivizes novelty over rigor, leading to the publication of unreproducible research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how preprint publication platforms can alter the scientific publishing culture in clinical research.
  • To assess the potential of preprints to mitigate the negative effects of big data on research integrity.
  • To examine the role of preprints in addressing issues like publication bias and the reproducibility crisis.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of preprint platforms (e.g., medRxiv) for clinical research.
  • Analysis of the incentive structure shift from traditional peer-reviewed publication to preprint sharing.
  • Evaluation of how preprints facilitate early sharing of preliminary and evolving research findings.

Main Results:

  • Preprint platforms offer a faster, lower-effort publication route compared to traditional peer review.
  • Preprints can encourage the publication of null findings, thereby mitigating publication bias.
  • The iterative nature of research, especially observational studies, is better reflected through evolving preprint versions.

Conclusions:

  • Preprint platforms represent a timely innovation to counteract the adverse effects of big data in clinical research.
  • By reducing publication barriers, preprints can foster a culture that values rigor and reproducibility.
  • Facilitating early dissemination and methodological review through preprints enhances research transparency and validity.