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Related Concept Videos

Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Neutrophil Isolation and Analysis to Determine their Role in Lymphoma Cell Sensitivity to Therapeutic Agents
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Ibrutinib in primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Justin T Low1, Katherine B Peters1,2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

CNS Oncology
|March 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

High-dose methotrexate (MTX) is standard for primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). Ibrutinib offers a new treatment option for patients with relapsed or refractory PCNSL who cannot tolerate MTX.

Keywords:
primary CNS lymphomarecurrentibrutinib

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Hematology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) treatment typically involves high-dose methotrexate (MTX).
  • Limited therapeutic options exist for PCNSL patients intolerant to or refractory to MTX.
  • Novel therapeutic strategies are needed for relapsed and refractory PCNSL.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review ibrutinib as a potential treatment for relapsed and refractory PCNSL.
  • To discuss the role of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors in PCNSL management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on ibrutinib in PCNSL.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data and case reports.
  • Discussion of mechanism of action and clinical efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Ibrutinib, a Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, shows promise in managing relapsed and refractory PCNSL.
  • It provides an alternative for patients with MTX intolerance or resistance.
  • Further clinical investigation is warranted to establish its role.

Conclusions:

  • Ibrutinib represents a promising therapeutic avenue for specific PCNSL patient populations.
  • It addresses an unmet need in the treatment of relapsed/refractory disease.
  • Ongoing research will clarify the optimal use of ibrutinib in PCNSL.