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The body composition analysis as a complementary tool in the screening of bone structural abnormalities.

Piroska Feher1, Dorina Annar1, Annamaria Zsakai1

  • 1Department of Biological Anthropology, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany P. s. 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.

Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht Uber Die Biologisch-Anthropologische Literatur
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Summary

Low bone mineral content (BMC) and muscle mass in premenopausal women may indicate bone structural risk. Regular bone density measurement is recommended for those with low BMC, bone mass, or muscle mass.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Gerontology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Osteoporosis screening relies on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and ultrasound densitometry.
  • Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) estimates bone mineral content (BMC) but isn't diagnostic.
  • Early detection of bone disease requires understanding predictive factors for fracture risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if low body composition components and BMC predict bone structural risk.
  • To analyze age-related changes in BMC, bone mass, muscle mass, and bone structure parameters.
  • To investigate the relationship between body composition and bone structure in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy premenopausal (n=235) and postmenopausal (n=137) women were analyzed.
  • Bone mineral content (BMC) estimated using InBody 720; bone structure via ultrasound DTU-One osteometer (measuring Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation - BUA).
  • Body mass components analyzed using the Drinkwater-Ross method.

Main Results:

  • In premenopausal women, BMC, absolute muscle mass, and absolute bone mass strongly correlated with BUA (p < 0.01).
  • Weaker correlations were observed between BUA and predictive factors in postmenopausal women.
  • Age-related changes in BMC, bone mass, muscle mass, and bone structure were analyzed.

Conclusions:

  • BMC and body composition alone are insufficient for osteoporosis diagnosis.
  • These factors can enhance screening methods for bone structural diseases.
  • Premenopausal women with low BMC, bone mass, or muscle mass warrant regular bone mineral density measurements.