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Girls' Empowerment and Adolescent Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
Dumisani Enricho Nkhoma1,2, Chia-Ping Lin1, Hexin Latumer Katengeza1
1Master Program in Global Health and Development Department, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Daan District, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
Summary
Girl empowerment initiatives positively impact adolescent pregnancies and reduce risky sexual behaviors. Different empowerment types, including education and community engagement, show favorable outcomes for young women globally.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Adolescent Health
- Sociology
Background:
- Globally, 21 million girls face unintended pregnancies annually, highlighting a critical public health issue.
- Existing research on girl empowerment's impact on adolescent pregnancy presents conflicting evidence.
- There is a significant gap in literature concerning girl empowerment in developing countries.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and synthesize evidence on the impact of girl empowerment on adolescent pregnancies and sexual behaviors.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of various empowerment strategies, including educational, community, economic, and policy-based approaches.
- To identify research gaps and provide insights for future interventions and policies.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted for articles published between January 2000 and January 2019.
- The review adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
- Nine articles were selected, with quality appraisal conducted using appropriate tools for different study designs.
Main Results:
- Educational empowerment, through formal schooling or family planning services, showed positive effects.
- Community empowerment, encompassing family and cultural interactions, was vital for girls' development.
- Economic empowerment (e.g., cash transfers) and policy interventions (e.g., access to contraception, compulsory education) were linked to reduced pregnancies.
Conclusions:
- Girl empowerment, particularly through education and community engagement, demonstrates a favorable impact on reducing adolescent pregnancies and risky sexual behaviors.
- Multi-faceted empowerment strategies, integrating educational, economic, and policy components, are crucial for adolescent reproductive health.
- Further research is needed, especially from developing nations, to strengthen the evidence base for effective girl empowerment programs.
Keywords:
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