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Genetic Variation

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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
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Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR

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Gamevar.f90: a software package for calculating individual gametic diversity.

Daniel Jordan de Abreu Santos¹, John B Cole², George E Liu²

¹Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA. daniel_jordan2008@hotmail.com.

BMC Bioinformatics

|March 8, 2020

Summary

This study introduces gamevar.f90 software to estimate gametic variance, enabling greater genetic gains in livestock and crops. Exploiting gametic variation offers a novel approach for advanced breeding programs.

Keywords:

Complex trait Gamete Mendelian sampling Recombination

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Area of Science:

Quantitative genetics
Animal breeding
Genomic selection

Background:

Traditional breeding focuses on individual genetic values.
Gametic variation within individuals is underexploited.
Genomic selection enables estimation of gametic variation.

Purpose of the Study:

Develop software to estimate gametic variance in large populations.
Provide tools for selection programs and mating designs.
Assess the impact of gametic variance on genetic gain.

Main Methods:

Developed gamevar.f90 software in Fortran.
Implemented chromosome-by-chromosome calculations for parallelization.
Applied software to estimate gametic variance for traits like lifetime net merit.

Main Results:

gamevar.f90 efficiently estimates gametic (co)variances and diversity parameters.
Relative predicted transmitting ability (RPTA) showed greater variance than GEBV/2.
Gametic variance inclusion in selection indices can enhance future genetic gains.

Conclusions:

An efficient software package, gamevar.f90, was developed for estimating gametic variance.
Novel insights into gametic variation will benefit future breeding programs.
This approach offers new avenues for improving livestock and crop traits.