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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

Overview of Lipid Metabolism

4.5K
Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...
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Lipid Digestion01:06

Lipid Digestion

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Lipids are large molecules that are generally not water-soluble. Since most of the digestive enzymes in the human body are water-based, there are specific steps the body must take to break down lipids and make them available for use.
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Lipid Absorption01:24

Lipid Absorption

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Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...
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Lipid Catabolism01:25

Lipid Catabolism

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Triglycerides serve as crucial long-term energy storage molecules in microorganisms, providing a dense source of metabolic energy. Their breakdown is mediated by lipases, which hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. Each of these components follows distinct metabolic pathways, ultimately contributing to ATP synthesis and cellular energy homeostasis.Glycerol MetabolismGlycerol, released from triglyceride hydrolysis, is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to form...
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Fats as Energy Storage Molecules01:06

Fats as Energy Storage Molecules

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Triglycerides are a form of long-term energy storage molecules. They are made of glycerol and three fatty acids. To obtain energy from fat, triglycerides must first be broken down by hydrolysis into their two principal components, fatty acids and glycerol. This process, called lipolysis, takes place in the cytoplasm. The resulting fatty acids are oxidized by β-oxidation into acetyl-CoA, which is used by the Krebs cycle. The glycerol that is released from triglycerides after lipolysis...
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Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism01:28

Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism

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Lipids also are sources of energy that power cellular processes. Like carbohydrates, lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these atoms are arranged differently. Most lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
Fatty acids are catabolized in a process called beta-oxidation, which takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and converts their fatty acid chains into two-carbon units of acetyl groups. The acetyl...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Measuring the Rate of Lipolysis in Ex Vivo Murine Adipose Tissue and Primary Preadipocytes Differentiated In Vitro
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Measuring the Rate of Lipolysis in Ex Vivo Murine Adipose Tissue and Primary Preadipocytes Differentiated In Vitro

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A lipase fusion feasts on fat.

Philip M M Ruppert1, Sander Kersten1

  • 1Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|March 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A novel fusion protein combining lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and GBIHBP1 effectively reduces high triglyceride levels. This breakthrough offers a promising new treatment for familial chylomicronemia syndrome.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes triglycerides, crucial for lipid metabolism.
  • LPL mutations cause familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS), leading to severe hypertriglyceridemia.
  • Current FCS treatments are limited, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel LPL-based therapeutic agent for hypertriglyceridemia.
  • To engineer a fusion protein of LPL and its transporter GBIHBP1 with enhanced activity and stability.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a fusion protein of LPL and GBIHBP1.
  • Assessed the enzymatic activity and inhibitor resistance of the fusion protein.
  • Evaluated the in vivo efficacy of the fusion protein in a mouse model.

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Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates
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Last Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Measuring the Rate of Lipolysis in Ex Vivo Murine Adipose Tissue and Primary Preadipocytes Differentiated In Vitro
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Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates
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Main Results:

  • The LPL-GBIHBP1 fusion protein demonstrated high lipolytic activity.
  • The fusion protein exhibited resistance to physiological LPL inhibitors.
  • Intravenous administration of the fusion protein significantly reduced plasma triglyceride levels in mice.

Conclusions:

  • The engineered LPL-GBIHBP1 fusion protein is a potent triglyceride-lowering agent.
  • This fusion protein represents a promising therapeutic candidate for FCS.
  • Further development could offer a new treatment avenue for patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia.