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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

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γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Manipulation of Epileptiform Electrocorticograms ECoGs and Sleep in Rats and Mice by Acupuncture
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[Epilepsy in old age].

Kai Siebenbrodt1, Adam Strzelczyk2, Felix Rosenow2

  • 1Epilepsiezentrum Frankfurt Rhein-Main, Klinik für Neurologie, Zentrum der Neurologie und Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16 (Haus 95), 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland. Kai.siebenbrodt@kgu.de.

Der Nervenarzt
|March 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epilepsy in older adults presents diagnostic and treatment challenges due to subtle seizures and medication side effects. Prompt diagnosis and individualized treatment are crucial for managing this growing geriatric health concern.

Keywords:
AnticonvulsantsEpilepsy surgeryEtiologySemiologyStatus epilepticus

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Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
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Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Epilepsy in the aging population is an increasingly relevant clinical challenge.
  • Diagnosis of epilepsy in older adults is complicated by focal seizures that are often overlooked or delayed, especially in patients with comorbidities like dementia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic difficulties and treatment complexities of epilepsy in the elderly.
  • To emphasize the need for individualized treatment strategies and prompt management of status epilepticus in geriatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current challenges in diagnosing and treating epilepsy in older individuals.
  • Discussion of the manifold causes of epilepsy in the aging brain.
  • Analysis of the risks and benefits of anticonvulsive drugs in the geriatric population.

Main Results:

  • Older adults experience frequent focal seizures that are easily missed, leading to diagnostic delays.
  • Anticonvulsive drug therapy in the elderly is hampered by insufficient evidence regarding effectiveness and tolerability, alongside potential side effects and drug interactions.
  • Status epilepticus is more common and carries a higher mortality rate in older individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Epilepsy management in old age requires careful consideration of diagnostic subtleties and individualized pharmacotherapy.
  • Immediate diagnosis and adequate treatment of status epilepticus are critical neurological emergencies in the geriatric population.