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Biomedical Applications of Integrating Sphere: A Review
Aziz Ul Rehman1, Iftikhar Ahmad2, Shahzad Ahmad Qureshi3
1ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Physics and Astronomy Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, New South Wales, Australia; Agri & Biophotonics Division, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, 45650,Pakistan.
Integrating spheres are essential for biomedical optics, measuring tissue optical properties like absorption and scattering. This review details their use in research, providing a guide for applications in tissue optics.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Optics
- Tissue Optics
Background:
- Integrating spheres are crucial tools in biomedical optics research.
- They enable the precise determination of biological tissue optical properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive literature overview of integrating sphere technology.
- To highlight its diverse applications within biomedical optics and tissue optics.
Main Methods:
- Detailed discussion of integrating sphere hardware and experimental procedures.
- Overview of analytical models including Kubelka-Munk, diffusion approximation, and Monte Carlo methods.
- Illustrative examples using tissue phantoms and biological samples.
Main Results:
- The study outlines the methodology for using integrating spheres to measure optical properties.
- It presents various analytical models for data interpretation.
- Demonstrates practical applications in phantom and biological sample analysis.
Conclusions:
- Integrating spheres are indispensable for quantifying tissue optical properties.
- This survey serves as a valuable reference for researchers in biomedical optics.
- The presented methods and examples facilitate broader adoption of integrating sphere technology.
