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Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
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Natural, modified DNA bases.

Matthew K Bilyard1, Sidney Becker1, Shankar Balasubramanian2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
|March 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Genomic DNA contains modified bases beyond the canonical four. New discoveries reveal enzymes and chemical methods for detecting and sequencing these DNA modifications, with implications for medicine.

Keywords:
DetectionEpigenetic engineeringFunctions of DNA modificationsModified DNA basesModified baseModified bases and diseaseSequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Genomic DNA comprises four canonical bases, but numerous chemical modifications exist in living systems.
  • Recent discoveries have identified novel modified bases and their associated processing enzymes.
  • Understanding these modifications is crucial for comprehending DNA function and cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review known DNA base modifications.
  • To highlight recent advances in chemical methodologies for DNA modification detection and sequencing.
  • To discuss the cellular functions and medical relevance of DNA modifications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of DNA base modifications.
  • Analysis of recent chemical and sequencing technologies.
  • Synthesis of findings on cellular functions and medical applications.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive overview of known DNA base modifications.
  • Detailed examination of advanced chemical techniques for modification analysis.
  • Exploration of the functional roles and clinical significance of DNA modifications.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in identifying and analyzing DNA modifications.
  • Elucidating the precise cellular functions of these modifications is an active area of research.
  • DNA modifications hold considerable promise for future medical diagnostics and therapeutics.