[IBD and pregnancy: From conception to birth].

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Reproductive Medicine
• Obstetrics

Background:

• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) commonly affect individuals of reproductive age.
• Patient misinformation can lead to infertility and poor pregnancy management in IBD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the influence of IBD on pregnancy and vice versa across gestational stages.
• To provide guidance based on current literature for managing IBD during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of current scientific publications.
• Analysis of the impact of IBD activity on fertility and pregnancy outcomes.
• Evaluation of IBD treatment compatibility with pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Main Results:

• IBD activity is a key factor; well-controlled IBD does not increase pregnancy risks.
• Most IBD medications, excluding thalidomide and methotrexate, are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
• Optimal flare management is essential.
• Vaginal delivery is generally safe, except with active anoperineal lesions.
• Cesarean section should be considered for patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.

Conclusions:

• Maintaining controlled IBD is vital for successful pregnancy outcomes.
• Appropriate medication selection and flare management are critical for pregnant IBD patients.
• Delivery mode should be individualized based on IBD activity and surgical history.