Pyomyositis in the United States 2002-2014.

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Epidemiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Primary pyomyositis, a bacterial skeletal muscle infection, was historically recognized in tropical areas.
• Characterization of pyomyositis in temperate climates like the United States is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize trends in pyomyositis admissions in the United States from 2002 to 2014.
• To identify demographic factors, risk factors, and common causative organisms associated with pyomyositis.

Main Methods:

• Population-based study utilizing the Healthcare Utilization Project/Nationwide Inpatient Sample database.
• Analysis of pyomyositis admissions using ICD-9 diagnostic codes between 2002 and 2014.

Main Results:

• A more than threefold increase in incident pyomyositis admissions was observed.
• Patients with pyomyositis were younger, more likely male and Black, with higher rates in the West and South.
• Significant associations were found with HIV, diabetes mellitus, hematologic malignancy, organ transplant, malnutrition, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and rheumatoid arthritis. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen.

Conclusions:

• Pyomyositis incidence in the US has concerningly increased.
• The study provides crucial data on pyomyositis trends, demographics, risk factors, and pathogens in the US.