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Microbial Stresses on Human Umbilical Cord Stem Cells.

Didem Kart1, Betül Çelebi-Saltik2

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy
|March 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Microbial interactions impact human umbilical cord stem cells, affecting their self-renewal and differentiation. This review explores how bacteria, both pathogenic and commensal, influence mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under various conditions.

Keywords:
Microorganismantimicrobialhypoxiamesenchymal stem cellsoxidative stress.umbilical cordumbilical cord stem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Umbilical cord blood and cord tissue are valuable, ethically unproblematic sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells.
  • Microorganism-stem cell interactions significantly influence stem cell functions, including self-renewal, differentiation, secretion, and cell death.
  • Limited research exists on the interplay between pathogenic/commensal bacteria and umbilical cord-derived MSCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of microbial stresses on human umbilical cord stem cells.
  • To elucidate the complex relationship between bacteria and MSCs, considering factors like bacterial load and immune cell presence.
  • To discuss how bacterial pathogens and MSCs modulate each other's functions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating microorganism-stem cell interactions.
  • Analysis of how bacterial factors (e.g., hypoxia, oxidative stress) affect MSC phenotype, development, and viability.
  • Examination of MSCs' anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects in response to varying bacterial loads and infection stages.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial pathogens can alter MSC regenerative capacity by inducing stress factors like hypoxia and oxidative stress, affecting MSC phenotype and viability.
  • MSCs exhibit anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, which are enhanced at high bacterial loads but diminished at low loads.
  • The efficacy of MSC antibacterial effects varies with infection timing, being stronger early on and weaker in later stages with high inflammation and bacterial counts.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial factors present significant stress to human umbilical cord stem cells, influencing their fundamental properties.
  • The interaction between MSCs and microbes is dynamic and context-dependent, with implications for regenerative medicine and infection control.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand and harness these interactions for therapeutic applications.