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Are Payments to Human Research Subjects Ethically Suspect?

David B Resnik1

  • 1Bioethicist and IRB Chair at the National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Institutes of Health.

Journal of Clinical Research Best Practices
|March 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Paying human research subjects is ethically sound. Evidence shows payment does not compromise informed consent, and underpayment raises exploitation concerns. Treating subjects as competent adults is key.

Area of Science:

  • Bioethics
  • Human Subject Research

Background:

  • Concerns exist that substantial payments to human subjects may compromise informed consent through coercion or undue influence.
  • Past ethical breaches in human subject research fuel apprehension regarding financial compensation.
  • Underpayment of research participants presents ethical issues like exploitation and can lead to under-enrollment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the ethical implications of compensating human subjects for research participation.
  • To challenge the assumption that financial incentives inherently undermine informed consent.
  • To advocate for treating research participants as autonomous individuals capable of financial decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing empirical research on the impact of payment on research participation.

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  • Ethical analysis of compensation models in human subject research.
  • Argumentative synthesis of ethical principles and practical considerations.

    • Main Results:

    • Empirical evidence does not support the hypothesis that payments negatively affect judgment in research participation.
    • Underpayment is identified as a significant ethical concern, potentially leading to exploitation and reduced enrollment.
    • Ethical qualms regarding payment are largely unfounded and may stem from historical research abuses.

    Conclusions:

    • Financial compensation for human research participation should not be considered ethically suspect without specific evidence.
    • Promoting the rights and welfare of subjects involves recognizing their capacity for informed financial decisions.
    • Ethical research practices should embrace fair compensation, viewing participants as competent adults.