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Gender Differences between Multimorbidity and All-Cause Mortality among Older Adults
Alejandra Andrea Roman Lay1, Carla Ferreira do Nascimento2, Fresia Caba Burgos3
1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research
|March 10, 2020
Summary
Chronic disease prevalence and multimorbidity significantly impact mortality risk in older adults. This study reveals distinct sex-specific patterns in how multiple conditions affect survival, highlighting the need for tailored health strategies.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology and Public Health
- Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases
- Longitudinal Health Studies
Background:
- Chronic diseases are a growing concern in aging populations worldwide.
- Understanding the interplay of multiple conditions (multimorbidity) is crucial for predicting health outcomes.
- Sex-specific differences in disease prevalence and mortality risk are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of various chronic diseases in an older adult cohort.
- To analyze the association between multimorbidity and all-cause mortality, examining sex-based differences.
- To provide insights for targeted public health interventions and future research.
Main Methods:
- A 16-year longitudinal follow-up study utilizing the SABE (Health, Well-Being and Aging) cohort data.
- Mortality data linkage with the Mortality Information Improvement Program of the City of São Paulo (PRO-AIM) (2000-2016).
- Survival analysis employing Cox proportional hazard models to assess mortality risks.
Main Results:
- Hypertension was the most common condition (52.93%), followed by musculoskeletal disorders (27.09%), cardiovascular diseases (17.79%), diabetes mellitus (16.95%), mental disorders (15.43%), and respiratory diseases (9.72%).
- Multimorbidity significantly increased all-cause mortality, with specific combinations showing higher risks.
- The highest mortality risk in women was linked to Hypertension/Musculoskeletal Disorders/Diabetes Mellitus/Mental Disorders (HR=6.15), while in men, it was Hypertension/Cardiovascular Diseases/Musculoskeletal Disorders/Diabetes Mellitus (HR=5.72).
Conclusions:
- All-cause mortality increases with the number of chronic diseases, consistent with findings in developed nations.
- Distinct multimorbidity patterns are associated with different mortality risks between men and women.
- Further longitudinal research is recommended to explore sex-specific mortality patterns in greater detail.
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