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Cardiac Abnormalities in Acromegaly Patients: A Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Study

Xiaopeng Guo1,2,3,4, Jian Cao5, Peijun Liu5

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.

International Journal of Endocrinology
|March 10, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging reveals significant structural and functional abnormalities in acromegaly patients. These cardiac issues, including hypertrophy and dysfunction, are linked to age, BMI, and hypertension, not hormone levels.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Acromegaly, a condition caused by excess growth hormone (GH), frequently presents with serious cardiac complications.
  • Cardiac abnormalities are the leading cause of mortality in acromegaly patients.
  • Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is an underutilized tool for assessing cardiac health in acromegaly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prevalence of specific cardiac abnormalities using CMR in acromegaly patients.
  • To quantify detailed cardiac parameters in acromegaly patients via CMR.
  • To investigate the correlation between cardiac abnormalities and clinical features, including demographics and disease characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-one acromegaly patients underwent CMR assessments.
  • Evaluated parameters included left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), interventricular septum hypertrophy (IVSH), left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), right ventricular systolic dysfunction (RVSD), and myocardial fibrosis (MCF).
  • Quantitative measurements of cardiac mass, wall thickness, and ejection fractions were analyzed and correlated with clinical data.

Main Results:

  • The study identified significant rates of LVH (26.2%), IVSH (27.9%), LVSD (8.2%), RVSD (9.8%), and MCF (14.8%).
  • Male patients exhibited higher LV mass index and interventricular septum thickness, along with lower LV and RV ejection fractions compared to females.
  • Age, BMI, disease duration, and hypertension were significantly associated with cardiac abnormalities (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • CMR provides a comprehensive assessment of structural and functional cardiac abnormalities in acromegaly.
  • Gender significantly influences the presence and severity of cardiac abnormalities in acromegaly.
  • Clinical factors like age, BMI, disease duration, and hypertension are associated with cardiac complications, whereas GH and IGF-1 levels were not directly correlated in this cohort.

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