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The potency of luliconazole against clinical and environmental Aspergillus nigri complex

Sahar Hivary1, Mahnaz Fatahinia1,2, Marzieh Halvaeezadeh1

  • 1Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Iranian Journal of Microbiology
|March 10, 2020
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Luliconazole demonstrates superior in vitro antifungal activity against black Aspergillus strains, including Aspergillus niger, compared to traditional antifungals like amphotericin B. This finding highlights luliconazole

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Antimicrobial Resistance
  • Fungal Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Black Aspergillus species, including Aspergillus niger and A. tubingensis, are prevalent causes of otomycosis globally.
  • While amphotericin B was a historical standard, fluconazole and voriconazole are now commonly used for invasive fungal infections.
  • Luliconazole shows promising in vitro activity against black Aspergillus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the in vitro antifungal activity of luliconazole against clinical and environmental black Aspergillus strains.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of luliconazole relative to established antifungals such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and caspofungin.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of 67 black Aspergillus strains (37 clinical, 30 environmental) using morphological and molecular (β-Tubulin gene) techniques.
  • Antifungal susceptibility testing performed according to CLSI M38 A2 guidelines.
  • Results reported as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) or minimum effective concentration (MEC) values, including MIC50, MIC90, and geometric mean (GM).

Main Results:

  • Aspergillus niger was the most frequently isolated species, followed by A. tubingensis.
  • Luliconazole exhibited the lowest MIC range, MIC50, MIC90, and MICGM against clinical strains.
  • High resistance rates were observed for amphotericin B (86.5% clinical, 96.7% environmental) and caspofungin (54.1% clinical, 30% environmental).
  • Voriconazole showed higher sensitivity in clinical (86.7%) versus environmental (70.3%) strains.
  • Posaconazole resistance was noted in 83.8% of clinical and 70% of environmental isolates.

Conclusions:

  • Luliconazole is a potent antifungal agent against the Aspergillus section Nigri complex, outperforming amphotericin B, voriconazole, posaconazole, and caspofungin in vitro.
  • The study demonstrates the distinct and highly effective in vitro antifungal profile of luliconazole against black Aspergillus species compared to other tested antifungals.
Keywords:
Antifungal profileBlack Aspergillus strainsClinical and environmental isolatesLuliconazole

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