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Related Concept Videos

Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction01:24

Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction

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Generalization, discrimination, and extinction are key concepts in operant conditioning that influence how behaviors are learned and maintained.
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...
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Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

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Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
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Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

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Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
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Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

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Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
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Introduction to Learning01:18

Introduction to Learning

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Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...
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Masking and Demasking Agents01:19

Masking and Demasking Agents

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EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on...
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Related Experiment Videos

Deeply Supervised Discriminative Learning for Adversarial Defense.

Aamir Mustafa, Salman H Khan, Munawar Hayat

    IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
    |March 10, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks due to feature space proximity. We propose class-wise disentanglement to create distinct feature representations, enhancing DNN robustness against strong attacks without performance loss.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Area of Science:

    • Computer Science
    • Artificial Intelligence
    • Machine Learning

    Background:

    • Deep neural networks (DNNs) are susceptible to adversarial attacks, where small input perturbations cause misclassifications.
    • Existing defense mechanisms often fail under white-box attack scenarios, where attackers have full knowledge of the model.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To address the vulnerability of DNNs to adversarial perturbations by improving feature representation.
    • To enhance the robustness of deep learning models against sophisticated white-box attacks.

    Main Methods:

    • Proposing a novel defense by class-wise disentangling intermediate feature representations in DNNs.
    • Enforcing features of each class to reside within maximally separated convex polytopes.
    • Ensuring learned decision regions are distinct and distant for improved model security.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed method significantly enhances model robustness against strong white-box adversarial attacks.
    • Classification performance on clean images is maintained without degradation.
    • Extensive evaluations demonstrate substantial gains over state-of-the-art defenses in both black-box and white-box settings.

    Conclusions:

    • Class-wise disentanglement of feature representations is an effective strategy for improving DNN robustness.
    • The proposed approach offers a simple yet powerful defense against adversarial examples.
    • This technique provides a promising direction for developing more secure deep learning models.