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DNA Microarrays

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

A Microfluidic-based Electrochemical Biochip for Label-free DNA Hybridization Analysis

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Published on: September 10, 2014

A Dual-Sensing Thermo-Chemical ISFET Array for DNA-Based Diagnostics.

Miguel Cacho-Soblechero, Kenny Malpartida-Cardenas, Chiara Cicatiello

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems

|March 10, 2020

Summary

A novel 32x32 Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor (ISFET) array offers in-pixel dual sensing for on-chip DNA amplification detection. This adaptable system achieves high accuracy and fast results for Lab-on-a-Chip diagnostics.

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Last Updated: Dec 26, 2025

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Area of Science:

Microelectronic Engineering
Biomedical Engineering
Chemical Sensing

Background:

Existing sensing arrays often lack integrated dual-sensing capabilities for complex biological analyses.
On-chip DNA amplification detection requires precise control over thermal and chemical microenvironments.
Variability in fabrication processes can lead to non-uniform sensor responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a programmable 32x32 ISFET array with in-pixel dual thermal and chemical sensing.
To enable on-chip DNA amplification detection with high sensitivity and robustness.
To demonstrate the first in-pixel dual thermo-chemical sensing in ISFET arrays for Lab-on-a-Chip applications.

Main Methods:

Designed a pixel architecture featuring an ISFET-based differential operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) and a sawtooth oscillator.
Implemented a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) output to encode temperature and ion activity.
Utilized a 0.18 μm standard CMOS process for fabrication and performed Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for DNA detection.

Main Results:

Achieved quadratic thermal response and highly linear pH sensitivity with a novel trapped charge compensation scheme.
Demonstrated homogeneous array response with 99.5% pixel calibration and robustness against process variations.
Successfully performed phage lambda DNA LAMP in 7.71 minutes, comparable to commercial qPCR instruments.

Conclusions:

The developed ISFET array provides a versatile and adaptable platform for on-chip diagnostics.
In-pixel dual thermo-chemical sensing significantly enhances the capabilities of Lab-on-a-Chip devices.
This architecture is suitable for rapid and accurate on-chip DNA amplification detection.