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Brain Ventricular Microinjections of Lipopolysaccharide into Larval Zebrafish to Assess Neuroinflammation and Neurotoxicity
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Neuroinflammation and depression: A review.

Romain Troubat1, Pascal Barone1, Samuel Leman1

  • 1UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.

The European Journal of Neuroscience
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Neuroinflammation interacts with key depression factors like serotonin depletion and HPA axis dysregulation. Targeting neuroinflammation offers a promising therapeutic strategy for major depressive disorder.

Keywords:
HPA axiscytokinesdepressionhippocampal neurogenesiskynureninemicroglianeuroinflammationserotonin

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) is linked to neuroinflammation, serotonin depletion, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis.
  • Chronic inflammatory conditions and primary neuroinflammation can trigger or sustain these depressive neurobiological changes.
  • Stress-induced vascular dysfunction may also lead to microglial activation, contributing to neuroinflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of neuroinflammation in major depressive disorder.
  • To discuss the interaction between brain immunity and the neurobiological correlates of depression.
  • To explore neuroinflammation as a potential therapeutic target for MDD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical and preclinical evidence.
  • Analysis of the interplay between neuroinflammation and established MDD mechanisms.
  • Examination of the kynurenine pathway's role in glutamate levels and neurogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Kynurenine pathway alterations and HPA axis dysregulation increase extracellular glutamate, impacting hippocampal neurogenesis.
  • Inflammatory markers crossing the blood-brain barrier activate microglia, initiating or exacerbating depression-related neurobiology.
  • Neuroinflammation is intricately linked with other neurobiological factors in depression.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroinflammation is a critical factor in major depressive disorder.
  • The interplay between neuroinflammation and neurobiological correlates of depression is complex.
  • Targeting neuroinflammation presents a significant therapeutic avenue for future MDD treatments.