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Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
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Partial Discharge Localization Using Time Reversal: Application to Power Transformers.

Hamidreza Karami1,2, Mohammad Azadifar3, Amirhossein Mostajabi1

  • 1Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 11, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new time reversal technique for pinpointing partial discharge (PD) sources. This cost-effective method accurately locates PDs using a single sensor, even in challenging conditions.

Keywords:
insulation dielectricpartial dischargepower transformerssource localizationtime-reversal

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Signal Processing
  • Physics

Background:

  • Partial discharges (PDs) are a significant concern in electrical equipment, necessitating accurate localization for effective monitoring and maintenance.
  • Current methods for PD source localization often require multiple sensors and struggle in complex environments.
  • The application of time reversal concepts to PD source localization has not been previously explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel technique for localizing partial discharge (PD) sources using the principle of time reversal.
  • To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method using electromagnetic waves as a proof of concept.
  • To highlight the advantages of the time reversal method over conventional techniques, particularly regarding sensor requirements and cost-effectiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Recording electromagnetic or acoustic waves emitted by PD sources using sensors.
  • Applying time reversal and numerical back-propagation of recorded signals into the medium.
  • Identifying PD source locations through the analysis of focal spots generated by the back-propagated waves.

Main Results:

  • The proposed time reversal method accurately localizes PD sources using a single sensor, outperforming conventional time-difference-of-arrival techniques.
  • The method demonstrates robustness in practical scenarios with complex conditions and environmental noise.
  • The technique successfully located multiple simultaneous PD sources with a single sensor.

Conclusions:

  • Time reversal offers a novel, accurate, and cost-effective approach for localizing partial discharge sources.
  • The method's ability to function with a single sensor and its resilience to challenging conditions make it highly advantageous for equipment monitoring.
  • This technique shows significant potential for improving the reliability and safety of electrical systems susceptible to PDs.