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Related Concept Videos

Distance Corrections01:15

Distance Corrections

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To achieve precise distance measurements, especially in surveying and construction, certain corrections must be applied to account for potential sources of error like the standardization errors, temperature variations, and slope adjustments.Standardization error emerges when measurement equipment undergoes changes, such as wear, repairs, or weather impacts. To address this, surveyors compare the equipment’s readings to a standard. This process identifies any deviation that might lead to...
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During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...
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Precipitation Gravimetry

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Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
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Individual molecules in a gas move in random directions, but a gas containing numerous molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds, which is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, f(v).
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PACO: Python-Based Atmospheric COrrection.

Raquel de Los Reyes1, Maximilian Langheinrich1, Peter Schwind1

  • 1German Aerospace Center (DLR), Earth Observation Center, Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Photogrammetry and Image Analysis, Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Wessling, Germany.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new Python-based software, PACO, performs atmospheric correction for satellite images from Sentinel-2, Landsat-8, and hyperspectral sensors. Validation confirms its accuracy for generating surface reflectance products.

Keywords:
DESISLandsat-8Sentinel-2aerosol optical thicknessatmospheric correctionremote sensingsurface reflectancewater vapor

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Area of Science:

  • Earth and Planetary Sciences
  • Remote Sensing
  • Atmospheric Science

Background:

  • Atmospheric correction is crucial for accurate satellite image analysis.
  • The ATCOR software package is a well-established tool for this purpose.
  • New hyperspectral sensors require advanced processing capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce PACO, a novel Python-based atmospheric correction software.
  • To enable processing of data from Sentinel-2, Landsat-8, and hyperspectral sensors (DESIS, EnMAP).
  • To validate PACO's performance using in situ data.

Main Methods:

  • Development of PACO based on the ATCOR algorithm.
  • Application of PACO to Sentinel-2 L1C data.
  • Comparison of PACO-generated L2A products with AERONET and RadCalNet in situ data.

Main Results:

  • PACO successfully generates Level 2A (L2A) products.
  • Validation shows good agreement between PACO products and in situ measurements.
  • The software covers the VNIR-SWIR spectral range.

Conclusions:

  • PACO is a versatile and accurate tool for atmospheric correction.
  • It supports a range of optical and hyperspectral satellite sensors.
  • PACO facilitates reliable surface reflectance retrieval for remote sensing applications.