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Updated: Dec 26, 2025

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Racing and crowded thoughts in mood disorders: A data-oriented theoretical reappraisal.

G Bertschy1, S Weibel2, A Giersch3

  • 1Pôle de psychiatrie, santé mentale & addictologie des hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Inserm U1114, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg, université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.

L'Encephale
|March 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Racing and crowded thoughts are complex phenomena in mood disorders. These thought patterns are linked to mixed depression, hypomania with irritability, and conditions like anxiety and ADHD.

Keywords:
BipolaireBipolarCrowded thoughtsDepressionDépressionMood disordersPensées accéléréesPensées grouillantesRacing thoughtsTachypsychieTroubles de l’humeur

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Speed of thought, specifically racing and crowded thoughts, is a key feature of mood disorders.
  • A previous review in 2013 discussed these phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update the understanding of racing and crowded thoughts in mood disorders based on the last decade of research.
  • To explore the complexity beyond a simple dichotomous view.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of publications from the past ten years.
  • Inclusion of recent research from the authors' group.
  • Systematic literature search on PubMed.

Main Results:

  • The traditional racing vs. crowded thoughts dichotomy is more complex than previously thought.
  • Racing/crowded thoughts are strongly associated with mixed depression and hypomania (particularly with irritability), not non-mixed depression.
  • These thought patterns are distinct from rumination and associated with anxiety, ADHD, and insomnia.

Conclusions:

  • Racing and crowded thoughts represent a significant aspect of mental activity in mood disorders.
  • A dimensional approach is recommended for studying these thought patterns.
  • Their relevance extends beyond mood disorders to other conditions.