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Related Experiment Video

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Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science

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Published on: May 9, 2020

Transient pressure modeling in jetting animals.

Michael Krieg¹, Kamran Mohseni²

¹Ocean and Resources Engineering, University of Hawaii, Manoa, HI 96822, USA.

Journal of Theoretical Biology

|March 11, 2020

Summary

Marine animals use jet propulsion, but modeling their movement is complex. A new circulation-based model accurately predicts forces for jellyfish, squid, and dragonfly larvae, revealing optimized swimming strategies.

Keywords:

Dragonfly Jellyfish Locomotion Squid Vorticity

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Area of Science:

Fluid dynamics
Biomechanical engineering
Marine biology

Background:

Marine animals utilize jet propulsion via internal fluid cavities.
Standard modeling fails for complex geometries and unsteady flows.
A novel circulation-based pressure model exists but needs validation for biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

Analyze animal body motions for propulsive output using a circulation-based pressure model.
Quantitatively validate the pressure model for biological jetting organisms.
Investigate the swimming mechanics of jellyfish, squid, and dragonfly larvae.

Main Methods:

Applied a circulation-based pressure model to analyze biological jet propulsion.
Validated the model for complex geometries and low/intermediate Reynolds numbers (Re).
Examined body motions and cavity dynamics in jellyfish, squid, and dragonfly larvae.

Main Results:

The pressure model is robust to complex cavity geometry and applicable to low Re swimming.
Jellyfish (Sarsia tubulosa) optimize body motion for acceleration and adjust morphology for energy efficiency.
Squid mantle collapse and dragonfly larvae hindgut geometry are optimized for propulsive efficiency and cavity refilling, respectively.

Conclusions:

The circulation-based pressure model effectively analyzes biological jet propulsion.
Animal locomotion strategies are finely tuned for survival and energy conservation.
This model provides insights into the biomechanics of diverse marine jet-propelled species.