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A pilot study demonstrating the impact of the supporting and enhancing NICU sensory experiences (SENSE) program on
Roberta Pineda1, Michael Wallendorf2, Joan Smith3
1Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America; University of Southern California, Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, United States of America; Keck School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, United States of America.
Aim:
To explore differences in maternal mental health and infant neurobehavioral outcome among infants who received and did not receive the Supporting and Enhancing NICU Sensory Experiences (SENSE) program.
Study Design:
Eighty preterm infants (50 receiving standard-of-care and 30 receiving the SENSE program) born ≤32 weeks gestation were enrolled within the first week of life in a prospective quasi-experimental design, using a historical control group for comparison. Standard-of-care consisted of tactile (skin-to-skin, touch, holding) and olfactory (scent cloth, close maternal contact) interventions as determined to be appropriate by health care professionals and parents. The SENSE group received specific doses of tactile (skin-to-skin care, holding, massage, touch), auditory (human speech, music), olfactory (scent cloth, close maternal contact), kinesthetic/vestibular (movement, rocking/transfers), and visual (dim or cycled light) exposures, based on the infant's postmenstrual age and tailored to medical status and infant cues according to the SENSE program. The SENSE program includes the intentional delivery of positive, age-appropriate sensory exposures by parents (or a sensory support team, when parents are unavailable) each day of NICU hospitalization. Infant neurobehavioral outcome, as well as maternal mental health and confidence, were assessed prior to NICU discharge, using standardized measures.
Results:
Seventy-three infants were included in the final analysis. Mothers whose infants received the SENSE program demonstrated higher scores on the Maternal Confidence Questionnaire (p = 0.01). Infants who received the SENSE program demonstrated less asymmetry on the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (p = 0.02; mean difference 0.9) and higher scores on the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Evaluation (p < 0.001; mean difference 4.8).
Discussion:
Preliminary evidence demonstrates improvements in maternal confidence and infant neurobehavioral performance following SENSE implementation.
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