Review of penile reconstructive techniques.

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Plastic Surgery
• Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

• Penile reconstructive surgery presents unique challenges due to tissue physiology.
• Efforts focus on preserving native tissue and employing creative methods for defect repair and neophallus creation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an update on significant advancements in penile reconstructive surgery.
• To review current literature and novel techniques for various penile reconstructive procedures.

Main Methods:

• PubMed database search using keywords related to penile trauma, cancer, lichen sclerosus, and reconstructive techniques.
• Review of literature on glans resurfacing, penile shaft skin defect repair, and neophallus creation.

Main Results:

• Glans resurfacing for cancer shows low recurrence (0-10%); 90% resolution of pain/pruritus in lichen sclerosus.
• Full-thickness skin grafts and scrotal flaps are supported for penile shaft defects.
• Radial artery-based forearm free flap is optimal for neophallus but has cosmetic drawbacks; novel techniques are emerging.

Conclusions:

• Current reconstructive techniques offer effective solutions for various penile conditions.
• Ongoing development of novel techniques aims to improve functional and cosmetic outcomes in penile reconstruction.
• Penile-sparing surgery and advanced flap techniques are crucial for optimizing patient results.