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How progressive cancer endangers the heart: an intriguing and underestimated problem
Simonetta Ausoni1, Sara Calamelli2, Salvatore Saccà2
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy. simonetta.ausoni@unipd.it.
Cancer Metastasis Reviews
|March 11, 2020
Summary
Cardio-oncology traditionally addresses cancer treatment cardiotoxicity. Emerging research reveals direct tumor effects, like cachexia-driven heart muscle wasting, significantly impact patient outcomes and require further investigation.
Area of Science:
- Cardio-oncology
- Cancer Biology
- Cardiovascular Medicine
Background:
- Cardio-oncology initially focused on chemotherapy and radiotherapy cardiotoxicity.
- Cancer cells release pro-cachectic factors, directly harming the heart.
- Tumor-derived molecules contribute to cardiac disease, cachexia, and heart failure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review cancer-induced cardiac damage, encompassing pathophysiological mechanisms, epidemiology, and clinical implications.
- To highlight the under-explored direct effects of tumors on cardiac health.
- To discuss current gaps in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer-related cardiac dysfunction.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive review of clinical and scientific research.
- Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms and epidemiological data.
- Discussion of diagnostic and interventional strategies.
Main Results:
- Cancer cachexia leads to cardiac muscle wasting, fibrosis, and functional impairment.
- Direct tumor effects on the heart are less understood than treatment-related cardiotoxicity.
- Early diagnostic criteria and effective preventive measures for cardiac disease in cancer patients are lacking.
Conclusions:
- The direct impact of cancer on the heart requires greater research focus.
- Development of diagnostic tools and preventive strategies is crucial for improving patient prognosis.
- Innovative therapies show promise in preclinical studies but await clinical approval.
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