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Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...
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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
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The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
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Updated: Dec 26, 2025

The Insect Galleria mellonella as a Powerful Infection Model to Investigate Bacterial Pathogenesis
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Insect C-Type Lectins in Microbial Infections.

Yibin Zhu1,2,3, Xi Yu1,3, Gong Cheng4,5

  • 1Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|March 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insect C-type lectins (CTLs) are key to innate immunity, aiding pathogen defense and gut health. However, some CTLs can also promote infections, highlighting their complex roles in host-pathogen interactions.

Keywords:
C-type lectinsInfectionInsect

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Entomology

Background:

  • C-type lectins (CTLs) are calcium-dependent carbohydrate-binding proteins.
  • They play crucial roles in insect innate immunity and host-microbe interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the properties and functions of insect C-type lectins.
  • To elucidate the dual role of CTLs in defending against and facilitating pathogen infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on insect C-type lectins.
  • Analysis of CTL involvement in various immune responses and infections.

Main Results:

  • Insect CTLs are involved in pattern recognition, phagocytosis, and immune activation.
  • CTLs contribute to gut microbiome homeostasis and defense against pathogens.
  • Some CTLs can be exploited by pathogens to promote infection and colonization.

Conclusions:

  • Insect CTLs exhibit diverse functions in innate immunity.
  • Understanding CTLs is vital for controlling insect-borne diseases and managing insect health.