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Galectins in Host-Pathogen Interactions: Structural, Functional and Evolutionary Aspects.

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Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|March 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Galectins, immune proteins, recognize and fight microbes. However, some pathogens exploit galectins for entry and to evade immune responses, highlighting a complex host-pathogen interaction.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Glycobiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Galectins are conserved ß-galactoside-binding lectins with diverse roles in development and immunity.
  • Initially known for self-recognition, galectins also bind microbial glycans, acting in innate immunity.
  • This dual role positions galectins as key players in host-pathogen interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the dual role of galectins in innate immunity and host-pathogen interactions.
  • To understand how pathogens subvert galectin-mediated immunity for invasion.
  • To highlight the evolutionary adaptations in pathogen glycomes and galectin evasion mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on galectin function in immunity.
  • Analysis of studies detailing galectin-microbe interactions.
  • Investigation of pathogen strategies to evade galectin-mediated defenses.

Main Results:

  • Galectins act as pattern recognition receptors and effector molecules against microbes.
  • They inhibit pathogen adhesion, disrupt microbial structures, and promote pathogen clearance.
  • Certain pathogens have evolved to utilize host galectins for invasion and immune evasion.

Conclusions:

  • Galectins are crucial for innate immunity against a range of pathogens.
  • Pathogen surface glycan modifications represent an evolutionary adaptation to exploit host galectins.
  • Understanding these interactions is vital for developing novel anti-infective strategies.