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Lung Microvascular Niche, Repair, and Engineering.

Tomoshi Tsuchiya1,2, Ryoichiro Doi1, Tomohiro Obata1

  • 1Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|March 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Lung tissue engineering aims to regenerate organs using decellularized scaffolds. This review focuses on reconstructing the vascular niche within these scaffolds to overcome organ failure and enable successful lung regeneration.

Keywords:
decellularizationlung microvascular nichelung regenerationrecellularizationtissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Tissue engineering has advanced to whole organ generation, utilizing decellularized scaffolds for reconstructive surgery.
  • Decellularized lung scaffolds offer advantages for maintaining delicate alveolar structures essential for lung tissue engineering.
  • Early engineered lung transplants often failed due to immature vasculature, leading to thrombus formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the reconstruction of the vascular niche within decellularized lung scaffolds.
  • To explore the components of the vascular niche and their impact on vascular integrity.
  • To discuss strategies for successful lung microvascular engineering in whole organ regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of methodological developments in decellularization and recellularization of lung scaffolds since 2010.
  • Analysis of vascular niche components: endothelial cells, pericytes, extracellular matrix, and epithelial-endothelial interface.
  • Discussion of extracellular matrix composition, cell contributions, air-blood barrier function, and physiological factors.

Main Results:

  • Immature vasculature is a primary cause of engineered lung failure.
  • Remodeling the vascular niche, particularly microvasculature, is crucial for mature vascular network reconstruction.
  • Understanding the interplay of vascular niche components is key to improving engineered lung viability.

Conclusions:

  • Successful reconstruction of a mature vascular network is a critical breakthrough for lung engineering.
  • Reconstructing the vascular niche is essential for preventing thrombus formation and ensuring long-term function.
  • This review confirms the potential for lung microvascular engineering and outlines future research directions.