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Published on: June 16, 2018
Peruvian Andean maize: General characteristics, nutritional properties, bioactive compounds, and culinary uses
Rebeca Salvador-Reyes1, Maria Teresa Pedrosa Silva Clerici1
1Department of Food Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, Campinas, SP Zip-code 13083-862, Brazil.
Peruvian Andean maize (PAM) varieties offer superior nutritional and bioactive properties compared to commercial maize. Their unique genetic traits support sustainable agriculture and high-value product development in the Andean region.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Food Science
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Ancient grains, like Peruvian Andean maize (PAM), retain natural resilience due to minimal selective breeding.
- PAM is a staple in local cuisine, yet its unique characteristics and health benefits are underrepresented in scientific literature.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the characteristics and bioactive properties of Peruvian Andean maize.
- To highlight the nutritional and genetic advantages of PAM varieties.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific articles and databases.
- Comparative analysis of PAM varieties (Chullpi, Piscorunto, Sacsa, Giant Cuzco, Purple) against commercial maize.
Main Results:
- PAM exhibits greater diversity in color and size than commercial maize.
- PAM varieties possess higher levels of protein, lipids, and beneficial bioactive compounds.
- Specific PAM varieties like Chullpi and Giant Cuzco show high yield potential.
Conclusions:
- The distinct genetic profile of PAM, linked to its Andean origin, enhances its value.
- Cultivating PAM promotes sustainable agriculture and economic benefits for the Andean region.
- Further research into PAM's bioactive properties can unlock its full potential as a healthy food source.
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