Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Bidirectional conditioning: Revisiting Asratyan's 'alternating' training technique.

Victor M Navarro1, Edward A Wasserman1

  • 1The University of Iowa, United States.

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
|March 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A psychological-scaling approach to unraveling the nature of Pigeons' categorization of natural visual objects.

Psychological review·2026
Same author

A protocol for physiologic LH surge induction in gonad intact female mice.

Endocrinology·2026
Same author

Nonnumerical stimuli exert surprisingly strong behavioral control in an unconstrained numerical discrimination learning task.

Cognition·2026
Same author

Neurokinin receptor antagonists for vasomotor symptoms: from KNDy neurons to clinical translation.

Nature reviews. Endocrinology·2026
Same author

Variability, stability, and the law of effect.

Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition·2026
Same author

Progressive hypothalamic neuroinflammation after ovariectomy in mice parallels age-related transcriptomic changes in the female human hypothalamus.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Double dissociation in the involvement of noradrenergic and endocannabinoid systems in classical and higher-order conditioning in newborn rabbits.

Neurobiology of learning and memory·2026
Same journal

An occasion for reflection: Pavlovian modulation of conditioned responding by interoceptive drug stimuli.

Neurobiology of learning and memory·2026
Same journal

Chemogenetic disruption of the hippocampus impairs gustatory preconditioning in rats.

Neurobiology of learning and memory·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum to "Dynamic regulation of neuronal vault trafficking and RNA cargo by the noncoding RNA, Vaultrc5" [Neurobiol. Learn. Memory 225 (2026) 108161].

Neurobiology of learning and memory·2026
Same journal

Modeling the coexistence of NMDAR-dependent LTP and LTD mediated by changes in AMPAR conductance.

Neurobiology of learning and memory·2026
Same journal

No evidence for a protein-synthesis-dependent form of long-term fear memory: Translational inhibition and neural inactivation disrupt short- and long-term memory measures to the same degree.

Neurobiology of learning and memory·2026
See all related articles

Humans learn associations faster in bidirectional networks, unlike pigeons. This study explores bidirectional conditioning using Asratyan's alternating stimulus presentation technique, revealing species-specific learning differences.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Bidirectional conditioning, involving both forward and backward stimulus associations, has a long history but limited research.
  • E. A. Asratyan's alternating procedure offers a method to study the interaction between forward (A→B) and backward (B→A) training trials.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for cognitive and behavioral research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between forward and backward associations in associative learning.
  • To compare human and pigeon performance in learning associations within bidirectional and unidirectional networks.
  • To explore species differences in bidirectional conditioning.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized E. A. Asratyan's alternating procedure for stimulus presentation.
Keywords:
Backward associationsBidirectional conditioningForward associationsHumansPigeons

Related Experiment Videos

  • Employed a two-alternative, forced-choice task to train humans and pigeons.
  • Trained participants on associations within synergistic (bidirectional) and non-synergistic (unidirectional) associative networks.

    • Main Results:

    • Humans learned associations more rapidly in bidirectional networks compared to unidirectional ones.
    • Humans exhibited impaired performance on unidirectional trials that permitted the emergence of incorrect bidirectional associations.
    • Pigeons did not demonstrate any evidence of bidirectional associations, suggesting a species-specific difference.

    Conclusions:

    • Human associative learning benefits from synergistic bidirectional associations.
    • Pigeons do not appear to form bidirectional associations under these experimental conditions.
    • Further research using Asratyan's technique is warranted to explore these interspecies differences in conditioning.