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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
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Separate thyrothymic thyroid remnant; clinically crucial anatomic variation.

Emin Gurleyik1, Gunay Gurleyik2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Duzce University Medical Faculty, Duzce, Turkey.

Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research
|March 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A separate thyroid remnant in the thyrothymic region occurs in 6% of patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Identifying and removing these remnants is crucial for complete thyroidectomy and preventing recurrence.

Keywords:
Embryologic remnantPyramidal lobeThyroidectomyZuckerkandl's tubercle

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomical variations
  • Surgical anatomy
  • Endocrine surgery

Background:

  • Thyroid gland anatomical variations, including thyrothymic remnants, are significant in thyroid surgery.
  • These variations can impact the completeness of total thyroidectomy and lead to recurrent goiters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detect separate thyroidal tissue rests in the thyrothymic region.
  • To understand the incidence and anatomical features of thyrothymic remnants.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration, dissection, and excision of the thyrothymic region in 134 patients undergoing primary thyroid surgery.
  • Study of the incidence and anatomical characteristics of thyrothymic remnants and their association with other embryologic remnants.

Main Results:

  • An entirely separate thyrothymic remnant was identified and excised in 6% of patients (8 out of 134).
  • The mean size of the excised remnants was 36.4 mm in diameter.
  • Pyramidal lobe and Zuckerkandl's tubercle incidences were 71.6% and 59.7%, respectively; coexistence with thyrothymic remnants was noted.

Conclusions:

  • Separate thyroidal remnants in the thyrothymic area are not rare and can be large.
  • Failure to identify and excise these remnants can compromise thyroidectomy completeness and lead to recurrence.
  • Awareness and excision of thyrothymic and other embryologic remnants are critical for surgical success.