CRISPR-Cas13a Cleavage of Dengue Virus NS3 Gene Efficiently Inhibits Viral Replication

The CRISPR-Cas9 system has been applied to DNA editing with precision in eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems, but it is unable to edit RNA directly. A recently developed CRISPR-Cas13a system has been shown to be capable of effectively knocking down RNA expression in mammalian and plant cells. In this study, we employ the CRISPR-Cas13a system to achieve reprogrammable inactivation of dengue virus in mammalian cells. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and plaque assays showed that CRISPR RNA (crRNA) targeting the NS3 region led to the greatest viral inhibition among 10 crRNAs targeting different regions along the dengue viral genomic RNA. Deletions and insertions had also been found adjacent to the NS3 region after NS3-crRNA/Cas13a complex transfection. Our results demonstrate that the CRISPR-Cas13a system is a novel and effective technology to inhibit dengue viral replication, suggesting that such a programmable method may be further developed into a novel therapeutic strategy for dengue and other RNA viruses.