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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes01:30

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

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Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased...
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The phylum Tenericutes, which includes the single class Mollicutes, comprises bacteria that lack cell walls. The term "Mollicutes" derives from the Latin word mollis, meaning "soft." These organisms are among the smallest known and are commonly referred to as mycoplasmas due to the prominence of the genus Mycoplasma, which includes well-known human pathogens. Despite their inability to stain gram-positively (a result of their lack of cell walls), mycoplasmas are phylogenetically related to the...
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Simplified Whole Body Plethysmography to Characterize Lung Function During Respiratory Melioidosis
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Human Melioidosis.

I Gassiep1,2, M Armstrong1, R Norton3,2

  • 1Pathology Queensland, Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|March 13, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a serious global health threat, particularly in Southeast Asia. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing this potentially fatal infection.

Keywords:
Burkholderia pseudomalleimelioidosis

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Melioidosis is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, a select agent endemic in Southeast Asia and Australia.
  • Global incidence is rising, with significant annual cases and deaths, often linked to rainfall patterns.
  • The organism's ecological niche remains unclear, though associated with soil and water.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical presentation, transmission, risk factors, and management of melioidosis.
  • To highlight the challenges and current status of diagnostic methods and treatment strategies.
  • To underscore the need for ongoing research, including vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Burkholderia pseudomallei and melioidosis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic techniques, including culture, phenotypic, mass spectrometric, and molecular methods.
  • Examination of clinical manifestations, transmission routes, and risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Laboratory diagnosis relies on culturing clinical material, with phenotypic identification being standard.
  • Molecular and antigen detection methods have limited availability and sensitivity.
  • Clinical presentations vary widely, and mortality rates differ significantly globally.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management involves surgical intervention (drainage/debridement) and antimicrobial therapy.
  • Risk factors include male sex, diabetes, alcohol abuse, and immunosuppression.
  • Ongoing research into vaccine development is critical for controlling melioidosis.