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Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Semi-High Throughput Screening for Potential Drought-tolerance in Lettuce Lactuca sativa Germplasm Collections
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Early Drought-Responsive Genes Are Variable and Relevant to Drought Tolerance.

Cheng He1, Yicong Du2, Junjie Fu3

  • 1Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506.

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)
|March 13, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Drought stress significantly impacts crop yields. This study reveals dynamic gene expression changes in maize (Zea mays) under water deficit, identifying key drought-responsive genes (DRGs) and regulatory roles of small RNAs.

Keywords:
Zea maysdroughtsmall RNAtime-seriestranscriptomics

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Imaging and Analysis for Quantifying Maize (Zea mays) Abiotic Stress Phenotypes
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Imaging and Analysis for Quantifying Maize (Zea mays) Abiotic Stress Phenotypes

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Genomics
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Drought stress is a major threat to global crop production.
  • Understanding plant responses to drought involves analyzing gene expression patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize dynamic gene expression changes in maize during progressive drought stress.
  • To identify drought-responsive genes (DRGs) and their regulatory mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Generated time-series transcriptomic data from maize (Zea mays) under well-watered and drought conditions.
  • Identified 8,626 DRGs and analyzed their occurrence across early, middle, and late drought stages.
  • Correlated small RNA (sRNA) expression with DRGs to find regulatory interactions.

Main Results:

  • Identified 8,626 drought-responsive genes (DRGs) in maize, with distinct functional groups regulated at different drought stages.
  • Early and middle-stage DRGs showed higher copy number variation and stronger associations with drought tolerance than late-stage DRGs.
  • Discovered 201 negatively correlated small RNA/DRG pairs, including those linked to drought tolerance, such as glutamine synthetase genes (gln2, gln6).

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic gene responses, particularly early and middle-stage DRGs, play crucial adaptive roles in maize under drought stress.
  • Small RNAs are implicated in regulating gene expression during drought stress responses.
  • Findings provide insights into maize drought tolerance mechanisms and gene regulation.