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Observational Studies01:11

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Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
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Constructing treatment episodes from concomitant medication logs: a prospective observational study.

Lisa K Kuramoto1, Boris G Sobolev1,2, Penelope M A Brasher1

  • 1Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

BMJ Open
|March 13, 2020
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Summary

This study introduces a method to build medication treatment episodes from logs, crucial for understanding drug utilization, safety, and repurposing in clinical research.

Keywords:
Parkinson-s diseasedrug evaluationdrug repositioningdrug utilizationepisode of care

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Observational Research Methods
  • Data Science in Healthcare

Background:

  • Concomitant medication logs are vital for clinical studies, offering utilization data beyond prescriptions.
  • These logs are essential for assessing drug safety and exploring drug repurposing opportunities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail a novel approach for constructing treatment episodes using concomitant medication log records.
  • To enhance the utility of log data for drug safety and repurposing analyses.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, multicentre, multicohort observational study design.
  • Developed a method to interpret temporal gaps and overlaps in log records to define medication use episodes.
  • Applied the approach to 415 subjects from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative de novo cohort.

Main Results:

  • Successfully constructed 3655 treatment episodes for 65 medications from 5723 log records.
  • Identified 405 medication stoppages and 985/2696 instances of simultaneous use/dose changes.
  • Median treatment episode duration was 37 months.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method enables estimation of treatment duration and dose from medication logs.
  • Recommendations are provided to improve log data collection for enhanced drug safety and repurposing research.