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Multi-scale cellular engineering: From molecules to organ-on-a-chip.

Ngan F Huang, Ovijit Chaudhuri¹, Patrick Cahan²

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

APL Bioengineering

|March 13, 2020

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Cellular and molecular engineering advances offer new biological insights and enable complex living system design. This review covers molecular, cellular, and multicellular progress, highlighting future directions for fundamental and translational science.

Area of Science:

Cellular and Molecular Engineering
Synthetic Biology
Biotechnology

Background:

Technological progress in cellular and molecular engineering has significantly enhanced our understanding of biological systems.
This has led to new capabilities in designing, manufacturing, and manipulating complex living systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize current advancements in cellular and molecular engineering at molecular, cellular, and multicellular levels.
To highlight key areas including intrinsically disordered proteins, synthetic proteins, dynamic extracellular matrices, organ-on-a-chip, and computational modeling.
To discuss limitations and future directions, encouraging multidisciplinary approaches.

Main Methods:

Review of experimental and computational tools and techniques.

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Micro-scale Engineering for Cell Biology

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Synthesis of recent findings across various sub-disciplines.

Analysis of current challenges and future prospects.

Main Results:

Significant progress has been made in understanding and engineering biological systems at multiple scales.
Key technologies like organ-on-a-chip and advanced protein engineering show great promise.
Computational modeling is increasingly vital for understanding complex biological processes.

Conclusions:

Cellular and molecular engineering holds vast potential for both fundamental biological discovery and translational applications.
Overcoming current limitations requires integrated, multidisciplinary research efforts.
Continued innovation in this field will drive future breakthroughs in medicine and biotechnology.