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Hazard Ratio

Hazard Ratio

The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...

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Fluoropyrimidine-Associated Cardiotoxicity: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.

Inbar Raber¹, Sarah Warack², Jaya Kanduri¹

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

|March 13, 2020

Summary

Fluoropyrimidines like 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and capecitabine can cause cardiotoxicity beyond coronary vasospasm. Patients with cardiac risk factors and ischemic heart disease are more susceptible to these chemotherapy side effects.

Keywords:

Capecitabine Cardiotoxicity Fluorouracil

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Cardiology
Pharmacology

Background:

Fluoropyrimidines, including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and capecitabine, are widely used chemotherapy drugs.
These agents have been linked to adverse cardiovascular events, particularly coronary vasospasm.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the incidence and characteristics of cardiotoxicity in patients treated with fluoropyrimidines.
To compare patients who experienced cardiotoxicity with a control group.

Main Methods:

Retrospective case-control study of patients receiving 5-FU or capecitabine in 2018.
Identification and comparison of patient characteristics, phenotypes, and outcomes.

Main Results:

4.5% of the 177-patient cohort experienced cardiovascular toxicity.
Coronary artery disease was significantly more prevalent in cardiotoxic cases (38% vs. 7%).
A trend towards increased cardiovascular risk factors was observed in cases.

Conclusions:

Fluoropyrimidine-associated cardiotoxicity encompasses more than just coronary vasospasm.
Pre-existing cardiac risk factors and ischemic heart disease are common in affected patients.