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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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Discrete Fourier Transform01:15

Discrete Fourier Transform

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The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is a fundamental tool in signal processing, extending the discrete-time Fourier transform by evaluating discrete signals at uniformly spaced frequency intervals. This transformation converts a finite sequence of time-domain samples into frequency components, each representing complex sinusoids ordered by frequency. The DFT translates these sequences into the frequency domain, effectively indicating the magnitude and phase of each frequency component present...
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Fast Fourier Transform01:10

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The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is a computational algorithm designed to compute the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) efficiently. By breaking down the calculations into smaller, manageable sections, the FFT significantly reduces the computational complexity involved. Direct computation of an N-point DFT requires N2 complex multiplications, whereas the FFT algorithm needs only (N/2)log⁡2N multiplications, offering a much faster performance.
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
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Discrete-time Fourier transform01:26

Discrete-time Fourier transform

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The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) is an essential mathematical tool for analyzing discrete-time signals, converting them from the time domain to the frequency domain. This transformation allows for examining the frequency components of discrete signals, providing insights into their spectral characteristics. In the DTFT, the continuous integral used in the continuous-time Fourier transform is replaced by a summation to accommodate the discrete nature of the signal.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response
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On-chip polarization-insensitive Fourier transform spectrometer.

Huijie Wang, Qifeng Li, Wei Shi

    Optics Letters
    |March 13, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed a polarization-insensitive spatial heterodyne Fourier transform spectrometer (SH-FTS) on a chip. This breakthrough overcomes polarization sensitivity in silicon photonics, enabling robust spectroscopic applications.

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Spectroscopy
    • Integrated Optics

    Background:

    • Chip-scale Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs) are promising for cost-effective, high-resolution spectroscopy.
    • Spatial heterodyne FTSs (SH-FTSs) offer a simple and stable design using arrays of Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs).
    • Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platforms, commonly used for MZIs, exhibit strong waveguide birefringence, leading to polarization sensitivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a polarization-insensitive SH-FTS.
    • To address the challenge of polarization control in SOI-based MZIs for spectroscopic applications.
    • To enable robust and versatile chip-scale spectroscopic measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a two-dimensional grating coupler to split arbitrary polarization states into two orthogonal components.

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  • Coupled both polarization components into the transverse electric (TE) mode, propagating in opposite directions within the MZI array.
  • Recombined the orthogonal polarization components during photodetection to eliminate polarization-dependent losses.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated a functional polarization-insensitive SH-FTS.
    • Successfully split and recombined orthogonal polarization states without significant loss.
    • Validated the effectiveness of the 2D grating coupler for polarization management in SH-FTS.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed polarization-insensitive SH-FTS design effectively overcomes the limitations of waveguide birefringence in SOI.
    • This approach paves the way for widespread adoption of compact and robust FTS devices.
    • An alternative edge-coupling configuration with a polarization splitter-rotator was also suggested.