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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

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Transcriptomic Analysis Following Artificial Selection for Grasshopper Size.

Shuang Li1, Dong-Nan Cui1, Hidayat Ullah1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.

Insects
|March 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial selection rapidly altered grasshopper evolution, significantly changing thorax length and other traits within 11 generations. Transcriptomic analysis revealed hundreds of differentially expressed genes linked to body size determination.

Keywords:
DEGsECM–receptor interactionMtorPI3K-AktRomalea micropterabody sizegenetic correlationphenylalanine metabolismrapid evolutiontranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Animal physiology

Background:

  • Artificial selection is a powerful tool for studying rapid evolutionary changes.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic divergence is crucial for evolutionary research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transcriptomic changes associated with rapid evolution of body size in *Romalea microptera* grasshoppers under artificial selection.
  • To identify genes and pathways involved in the divergence of multiple traits.

Main Methods:

  • *Romalea microptera* grasshoppers underwent 8 years of artificial selection for increased (up-selection) or decreased (down-selection) thorax length.
  • Transcriptome sequencing was performed on selected grasshopper colonies.
  • Differential gene expression analysis was conducted to identify genes with altered expression levels.

Main Results:

  • Rapid evolution of thorax length was observed, with significant increases and decreases after 11 generations.
  • At least 16 additional phenotypic traits diverged between the selected colonies.
  • 693 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, with 386 upregulated and 307 downregulated.
  • Many DEGs are involved in cellular processes, metabolism, binding, general function, and signal transduction, with known roles in animal body size regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Artificial selection can drive rapid and multifaceted evolutionary changes in *Romalea microptera*.
  • Transcriptomic analysis provides insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying rapid adaptation and phenotypic divergence.
  • The identified DEGs offer potential targets for future research into the genetic architecture of body size evolution.