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Association between PM2.5 and risk of hospitalization for myocardial infarction: a systematic review and a
Zeynab Farhadi1, Hasan Abulghasem Gorgi2,3, Hosein Shabaninejad1
1Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Background:
It is generally assumed that there have been mixed results in the literature regarding the association between ambient particulate matter (PM) and myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the rate of short-term exposure PM with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and examine its potential effect(s) on the risk of MI.
Methods:
A systematic search was conducted on databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase with components: "air pollution" and "myocardial infarction". The summary relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were also calculated to assess the association between the PM2.5 and MI.
Results:
Twenty-six published studies were ultimately identified as eligible candidates for the meta-analysis of MI until Jun 1, 2018. The results illustrated that a 10-μg/m 3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with the risk of MI (RR = 1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.03; P ≤ 0.0001). The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed through a random-effects model with p < 0.0001 and the I2 was 69.52%, indicating a moderate degree of heterogeneity. We also conducted subgroup analyses including study quality, study design, and study period. Accordingly, it was found that subgroups time series study design and high study period could substantially decrease heterogeneity (I2 = 41.61, 41.78).
Conclusions:
This meta-analysis indicated that exposure - response between PM2.5 and MI. It is vital decision makers implement effective strategies to help improve air pollution, especially in developing countries or prevent exposure to PM2.5 to protect human health.
Insights
Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is linked to an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Public health strategies are crucial to mitigate air pollution and protect cardiovascular health.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Existing literature presents conflicting findings on the association between ambient particulate matter (PM) and myocardial infarction (MI).
- This meta-analysis focuses on short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5).
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically evaluate the association between short-term exposure to PM2.5 and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI).
- To quantify the risk of MI associated with PM2.5 exposure.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was performed across major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase) using keywords related to air pollution and myocardial infarction.
- Twenty-six eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis.
- Summary relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated to assess the PM2.5-MI association.
Main Results:
- A 10-μg/m³ increase in PM2.5 was significantly associated with an increased risk of MI (RR = 1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.03; P ≤ 0.0001).
- Moderate heterogeneity was observed across studies (I² = 69.52%).
- Subgroup analyses indicated that time series study designs and longer study periods reduced heterogeneity.
Conclusions:
- This meta-analysis confirms a dose-response relationship between PM2.5 exposure and MI risk.
- Effective air pollution control strategies are essential, particularly in developing nations, to safeguard public health and prevent MI.
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