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Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Published on: January 20, 2023
Brain damage by trauma
Virginia Conde1, Hartwig Roman Siebner2
1Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Abstract:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major clinical and economic challenge for health systems worldwide, and it is considered one of the leading causes of disability in young adults. The recent development of brain-computer interface (BCI) tools to target cognitive and motor impairments has led to the exploration of these techniques as potential therapeutic tools in patients with TBI. However, little evidence has been gathered so far to support applicability and efficacy of BCIs for TBI in a clinical setting. In the present chapter, results from studies using BCI approaches in conscious patients with TBI or in animal models of TBI as well as an overview of future directions in the use of BCIs to treat cognitive symptoms in this patient population will be presented.
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Traumatic Memory
Amnesia
The severity and duration of memory loss vary depending on the type and underlying cause. Amnesia is classified into two main types: retrograde and anterograde.
Retrograde amnesia is marked by the loss of memories formed before the onset of the condition. Patients may recall distant past events but often forget those occurring shortly before the incident.
Anterograde...

