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Related Concept Videos

Restriction Enzymes01:11

Restriction Enzymes

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Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes used to cut DNA in a sequence-specific manner. To cleave DNA, they bind to specific palindromic sequences called restriction sites. Such palindromic DNA sequences or inverted repeats are commonly found in regions of functional significance, such as the origin of replication, gene operator sites, and regions containing transcription termination signals.
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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Gene-therapy Inspired Polycation Coating for Protection of DNA Origami Nanostructures
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DNA origami protection and molecular interfacing through engineered sequence-defined peptoids.

Shih-Ting Wang1, Melissa A Gray2, Sunting Xuan3

  • 1Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed peptoid coatings to stabilize DNA origami nanostructures in biological environments. This breakthrough enhances DNA origami for biomedical uses like drug delivery and imaging.

Keywords:
DNA nanotechnologymolecular coatingpeptoid

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • DNA nanotechnology enables precise nanoscale construction via Watson-Crick base-pairing.
  • DNA origami structures offer potential in biosensing, imaging, and drug/gene delivery.
  • Protecting DNA origami in biological fluids is a key challenge for applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for protecting DNA origami structures in biological conditions.
  • To explore the impact of peptoid architecture and sequence on DNA origami stability.
  • To demonstrate the utility of peptoid-protected DNA origami in biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized peptoids with "brush" and "block" architectures using charged and neutral monomers.
  • Investigated DNA origami stability using experimental and molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Assessed peptoid-coated DNA origami for drug/protein delivery, bioimaging, and cell targeting.

Main Results:

  • Certain peptoid designs significantly enhanced DNA origami stability in ionic and bioactive conditions.
  • Sequence-dependent electrostatic interactions between peptoids and DNA were identified.
  • Peptoid-coated DNA origami demonstrated controlled drug release, prolonged protein stability, and cell targeting capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Peptoid coatings provide structural protection for DNA origami in physiological environments.
  • This approach enables the development of functional and stable DNA origami for biomedical applications.
  • Peptoid-protected DNA origami shows promise for advanced drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutics.