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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.6K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

A Chromatin Assay for Human Brain Tissue
11:31

A Chromatin Assay for Human Brain Tissue

Published on: March 21, 2008

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Epigenetics, chromatin and brain development and function.

Anthony R Isles1

  • 1MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

Brain and Neuroscience Advances
|March 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetics research has grown significantly, exploring how gene expression influences brain development and behavior. This review covers the historical context and future directions of epigenetics in neuroscience.

Keywords:
DNA methylationepigenome editinggenomic imprintinghistonesmemorysingle cell

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Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Epigenetics, the study of heritable changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence, has a history predating DNA's discovery as the primary genetic material.
  • Research in epigenetics and chromatin function related to the brain and behavior has rapidly expanded over the past twenty years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the historical development, current state, and future prospects of epigenetics research.
  • To examine the role of epigenetics in understanding brain development and function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical and contemporary research on epigenetics, chromatin, brain, and behavior.
  • Synthesis of findings to illustrate the evolution of the field.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetics offers a crucial framework for understanding how environmental factors interact with genetic predispositions to shape brain function.
  • The field has evolved from a basic biological concept to a key area of investigation in neuroscience.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics is fundamental to comprehending brain development, plasticity, and behavior.
  • Continued research in this interdisciplinary field holds significant promise for future discoveries in neuroscience.